How to identify edible-pod pea varieties
in a germplasm collection
Amurrio, J.M., De Ron, A.M. and Legumes Breeding Group, CSIC-USC
Mision Biologica de Galicia, Pontevedra. Spain
Hernández-Nistal, J. Legumes Breeding Group. CSIC-USC
Department of Plant Biology, Lugo, Spain
In breeding of multi-purpose crops, such as pea (Pisum sativum), there is always a concern about which are the best quantitative descriptors to characterize germplasm for each one of their uses and to apply in multi-trait selection in breeding programs (3, 7). The characterization of the genetic material has to be mostly based upon high heritable traits in order to know the variability within the collection. Only those characters that show consistent genetic versus environmental basis should be taken into account, because those markedly influenced by the environment are unreliable and uneven from one place to another. As many metrical characters (that are important from an agricultural point of view but has not been yet genetically analyzed) either have low stability in different environments or their genetic basis are low, they are not able to be used for breeding programs until they were better known. Instead, reproductive characters less affected by environmental factors and interactions must be considered (2). They are useful along with the traditional quantitative ones when the material is intended for a breeding program.
The objective of this paper is to assess the role of some quantitative traits with consistent genetic basis to identify varieties of pea that possess edible pod characters usable in a breeding program. Because these edible-pod peas are becoming important in many countries as food, and because they can be grown as winter alternative to snap bean, the development of a protocol for an early identification of such sources of germplasm from large pea collections is highly relevant.
To meet this objective, the genetic parameter C, called constancy by Ron and Ordas (5) and repeatability by Sanchez et al. (6) was estimated on the accessions of pea from the germplasm collection maintained at the Mision Biologica de Galicia (Pontevedra, Spain) (4). This parameter was first estimated by Goodman and Paterniani (2) as the ratio genotypic versus non genotypic variances (s2g / s2g + s2e, where s2g is the genotypic variance and s 2e is the environmental one) as an useful parameter to choose traits for taxonomical classification of maize germplasm.
The values of C were reported by Amurrio et al. (Legumes Breeding Group) (1) from the study of 105 accessions from Spain and Portugal grown in field trials carried out in two different environments in the NW of Spain in two years (1991 and 1992). The genetic parameter C, as based upon variance components, depends on allelic frequencies so it is not a universal value. Nevertheless it must be considered that the variances in this case were estimated over a wide range of accessions so the trend showed for their values must be seriously regarded as a general one that could be useful when studying other germplasm sources.
Values for C over 0.5 indicate that the genotypic variance is at least
half of the environmental variance, while values over 1.0 show that genotypic
variance exceed the value of the environmental one. The estimates obtained for
relevant traits for edible-pod varieties within the germplasm examined appear in
Table 1.
In germplasm characterization a large number of accessions are usually evaluated so it is not possible to use quantitative traits as descriptors because they demand a lot of time and resources to be measured. Nevertheless, when evaluation of germplasm is focused in breeding, the number of varieties to be studied is more manageable because many of the accessions maintained in a germplasm collection have no agronomic value by themselves. In such studies, evaluation of quantitative traits becomes feasible. The traits chosen should have been previously demonstrated to show a consistent genetic basis, displaying medium-high values for C in the traits of particular interest.
As a conclusion, the traits listed in Table 1 could be used as genetic-based descriptors for the identification of edible-pod pea varieties based upon the evaluation data from large germplasm collections as a preliminary step in breeding programs before further evaluations.
1. Amurrio, J.M. et al. 1995. Euphytica 82: 195-205.
1. Goodman, M.M. and Paterniani, E. 1969. Econ. Bot. 23: 265-273.
2. McPhee, K.E. and Muehlbauer, F.J. 1999. Pisum Genetics 31: 21-23.
3. Ron, A.M. de et al. 1991. Plant Gen. Res. Newsl. 87: 17-19.
4. Ron, A.M. de and Ordas, A. 1989. Biom. J. 31: 957-960.
5. Sanchez et al. 1993. Econ. Bot. 47: 44-59.
6. Sneddon, J.L. 1970. J. Natn. Inst. Agric. Bot. 12: 1-16.